Bosnian Castles

Sources & credits

Historical references, model caveats and asset credits for every castle in the collection. Original sources remain the authority; interpretations may change as better evidence becomes available.

These are source-guided architectural interpretations, not scans or surveyed reconstructions. Undocumented details are estimated. This collection is not a complete national inventory.

Map data, terrain & materials

Country terrain uses sampled elevation with fivefold vertical exaggeration. Local terrain is blended to model foundations. River widths are enlarged for readability. Building heights and vegetation are interpretive.

Historical sources

Bihać Captain’s Tower

Surviving roofed tower only, using mapped plan and published photographs. Elevations and individual opening positions are approximate; conflicting foundation dates are acknowledged.

Bijela Stijena Fortress

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Bjelaj Castle

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study. Heights, openings and stone details are estimates, not a measured current survey. OSM-derived location and any area outline are © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. These are ruins as interpreted from references of different dates, not a reconstruction of a single historical moment.

Blagaj Fortress

Original research interpretation of surviving fabric: irregular enclosure, seven square tower remains and eastern entrance. Dimensions, openings, wall traces and exact tower placement are estimated; not a survey or a restored medieval state.

Bobovac Royal Fortress

Original architectural study of surviving ruins and the reconstructed chapel. This is not a measured plan or photogrammetry: terrace spacing, wall heights, roof pitch, individual stones and interior foundation divisions are estimated. It does not depict a complete medieval royal palace.

Bočac Fortress

Original interpretation guided by published court and outwork dimensions. Relative plan, surviving wall heights, levels, openings and surface details are estimates rather than a measured current survey. No lost roofs or palace interiors are invented.

Borač Fortress

Limited photograph-informed ruin study. The large full complex remains incompletely mapped; this model does not claim to reproduce every building or curtain.

Bosanska Krupa Fortress

Original approximation of Pset's compact summit, round bastions and visitor terraces. Wall alignments, heights, stair routes and lookout details are estimates; source photography and municipal records establish the site context, not survey-grade geometry.

Bužim Fortress

Original interpretation of the ruin's two defensive circuits. Four round tower shells and the square inner court distinguish its form. Exact dimensions, surviving heights, interior foundations and individual collapse stones are estimated; no complete castle or mosque is reconstructed.

Cazin Old Town

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Doboj Fortress

Original architectural study of Doboj's surviving triangular fortress. Relative plan, gate tower and artillery platform are reference-informed, while dimensions, elevations, parapets and internal foundations are estimates. Modern event installations and conjectural medieval interiors are omitted.

Dobor Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Dubrovnik Fortress

Individual source-informed surviving-architecture study is available; retained heights, small details and any unmapped wall placement remain estimates, not a measured digital twin.

Glamoč Fortress

Original archaeological interpretation, not a reconstruction of an intact castle. Mapped castle grounds are not measured wall lines. Wall positions, surviving heights, openings and scattered rubble are estimates; no roofed palace interiors are claimed. The diagonal mapped grounds guide orientation and scale. Strongpoint shape, internal walls and current-height profiles remain unverified interpretations.

Gračanica Tower · Cazin

The 11.6×9.5m tower follows published dimensions and variable wall thickness. Wall profiles and aperture positions are estimates; no enclosing courtyard or lost roof is added.

Gradačac Castle

Documented main-building dimensions guide this original interpretation. The upper enclosure, clock tower and three portals are shown; site offsets, curtain heights, roof pitches and decorative details are estimated. This is not a full model of the lower town or a record of the latest conservation works.

Gradina in Gornje Pale

Original study of surviving ruins from the published plan. Wall heights, local rock relief and unmeasured spacing are estimates; no lost roofs or complete medieval silhouette are reconstructed.

Greben Fortress

Original study limited to the surviving tower and wall fragments. Exact plan, extent, tower radius, elevations and individual collapse stones are estimates. No complete medieval town or conjectural palace is reconstructed.

Havala Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study. Heights, openings and stone details are estimates, not a measured current survey. OSM-derived location and any area outline are © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. These are ruins as interpreted from references of different dates, not a reconstruction of a single historical moment.

Hodidjed at Bulozi

Conservative interpretation of the Bulozi/Stari grad remains. The identification with medieval Hodidjed is disputed in scholarship; this is not the White Bastion. Simplified plan relationships derive from Mazalić1940 as reproduced in Džumhur; current wall heights are not surveyed.

Hutovo Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Jajce Fortress

Original photo-guided interpretation using mapped exterior outlines. Undocumented heights, interiors, finishes and openings are estimated.

Photograph and license: Julian Nyča / Wikimedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · cropped · License

Jezerski Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Kamengrad Fortress

Original interpretation of the upper fort from a published historical plan, not a current survey. The separate lower-town palanka is outside this model. Scale, north alignment, slopes, surviving heights, openings and stone details require field verification.

Kamičak Fortress

Photograph-informed open keep and compact enclosure, with approximate plan and retained heights. No full roof or regular crenellations are reinstated.

Kastel Fortress

Original architectural study using the OSM perimeter (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0). Internal subdivisions, gatehouse positions, roof forms, barracks and wall heights are interpretive. This is not a survey of the full complex or a reconstruction of one historical period.

Ključ Fortress

Original study of Ključ on the Sana, not the different Ključ near Gacko. Three documented components guide the scene. Their spacing, reconstructed roofs, alignments, heights and surfaces are estimated rather than survey-traced; this is not a complete medieval reconstruction.

Ključ Fortress · Gacko

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Klobuk Fortress

Individual source-informed surviving-architecture study is available; retained heights, small details and any unmapped wall placement remain estimates, not a measured digital twin.

Klotijevac Fortress

Roughly100x20m site dimensions and paired tower form are institutionally documented. Exact positioning, orientation, retained heights and lower room plan are estimated from photographs and mapped site context.

Komotin Castle

Original archaeological interpretation, not a reconstruction of an intact castle. Mapped castle grounds are not measured wall lines. Wall positions, surviving heights, openings and scattered rubble are estimates; no roofed palace interiors are claimed. The narrow OSM polygon guides orientation and size; it is recentered for the local scene, and is not a room-by-room archaeological survey.

Kotor Fortress

Original archaeological interpretation, not a reconstruction of an intact castle. Mapped castle grounds are not measured wall lines. Wall positions, surviving heights, openings and scattered rubble are estimates; no roofed palace interiors are claimed. The polygon maps castle grounds, not every defensive structure. The tower remnant and selected low masonry traces are conservative visual estimates requiring architectural verification.

Kozarac Fortress

Original facade-informed architectural study using municipal photographs from November 2019. Total height, footprint, rear facades, roof pitch and annex dimensions are estimates. The historical fortress's lost perimeter is not fabricated.

Kozograd Castle

Conservative study of low archaeological remains, using the published round and square tower distinction. No OSM castle polygon was present in the cached extract. The complete outline, terrace, dimensions and wall placements are estimates; royal associations are not used to invent rooms.

Kreševo · Bedem

Archaeological interpretation with low interrupted ramparts. Published upper-town dimensions differ (105×45m versus elongated 122m); this study uses the elongated account. Lower enclosure positions and elevations are estimated, pending the 2026 excavation.

Kušlat Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated. The exposed rock below Kušlat is an interpreted local cliff profile added where coarse elevation data smooths the pinnacle; its roughly 78 m modeled relief is not a measured survey.

Livno Upper-town Defences

Photograph-informed Veis tower shell only; published internal diameter and maximum wall thickness. Height, window placement and short adjoining fragments are estimated.

Ljubuški Fortress

Source-guided architectural approximation of the conserved core, irregular enclosure and low interior remains. Tower proportions, terrain offsets, wall profiles, cistern placements and stone relief are estimates. No complete medieval interior or coastal setting is implied.

Maglaj Fortress

Original interpretation of the terraced surviving fortress. The conservation account supports the raised court, western approach, gate tower, reduced keep and casemates. Plan offsets, current wall heights, clock details, surfaces and roof forms are estimates, not a measured present-day survey.

Mala Kladuša Ruins

Low ruins study. The 25m length and 8m tower diameter are published; oval width, orientation, missing stones and tower position are estimated. No complete tower is imagined.

Mičevac Fortress

Individual source-informed surviving-architecture study is available; retained heights, small details and any unmapped wall placement remain estimates, not a measured digital twin.

Mičevac plan-derived geometry: CC BY-SA 3.0. Adapted from MaGa, Micevac_tlocrt.svg, after Kreševljaković and Kapidžić. Changes: simplified plan traced into a 3D ruin study with estimated heights.

Miljački Grad

Original study of surviving ruins from the published plan. Wall heights, local rock relief and unmeasured spacing are estimates; no lost roofs or complete medieval silhouette are reconstructed.

Momčilova Kula

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study; preserved heights, small openings and local alignment are estimates, not a current survey.

Mutnik Castle

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Orašac Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study. Heights, openings and stone details are estimates, not a measured current survey. OSM-derived location and any area outline are © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. These are ruins as interpreted from references of different dates, not a reconstruction of a single historical moment.

Ostrovica Fortress

Source-guided site interpretation, not measured reconstruction. The elongated enclosure, varied tower remnants and low platforms are individually modeled. All footprint dimensions, platform outlines, wall heights and foundation positions are estimates pending conservation-plan verification.

Ostrožac Castle

Original interpretation of the approximately 185m east–west enclosure and western neo-Gothic residence. Plan, room layout, heights, windows and roof proportions are estimated from official descriptions and photographs.

Pavlovac Fortress

Municipal architectural description guides components and dimensions. OSM way1217232487 encloses roughly258m and is treated as a site parcel, not a surveyed wall circuit. The model uses the published75x65m-scale fort with estimated placement.

Pećigrad Fortress

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Počitelj Citadel

Original upper-citadel interpretation, not the entire walled settlement. Donjon, restored roof and baileys follow documented building types; roof pitch, footprint, dimensions, stairs and elevations are estimated. Not a survey-quality replica.

Podzvizd Fortress

Interpretive ruined-state model. The keep has sixteen facets, not six. Outer enclosure size, remaining heights and ancillary positions are estimated; lost timber mosque and roofs are omitted.

Prozor Fortress

Individual source-informed surviving-architecture study is available; retained heights, small details and any unmapped wall placement remain estimates, not a measured digital twin.

Prusac Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Radetina Watchtower

Interpretive roofless circular tower, elevated entrance and cave-mouth rock shoulder. Diameter follows the approximately 12m OSM building outline; height, cliff profile and corbel positions are estimates. The cave alcove does not claim a proven tower connection.

Rmanj Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study. Heights, openings and stone details are estimates, not a measured current survey. OSM-derived location and any area outline are © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. These are ruins as interpreted from references of different dates, not a reconstruction of a single historical moment.

Samobor Fortress

Original interpretation of the mapped central ruin cluster only, not the extensive complete Samobor fortress. The elliptical keep type is documented. All heights, wall continuities and relative platform elevations are estimated; the OSM polygon is not a measured architectural plan.

Soko Fortress · Gračanica

Source-guided oval plan with estimated surviving heights and details. No survey or photogrammetry. Map anchor is approximate; the published diabase crag is represented by local terrain context.

Sokograd Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study; preserved heights, small openings and local alignment are estimates, not a current survey.

Sokolac Fortress

Original study of Sokolac near Bihać. Its dominant cylindrical tower and compact enclosure are reference-informed; tower height, parapet spacing, curtain geometry, stairs and stone relief are estimates, not surveyed current conditions.

Srebrenica Lower Fortress

Lower Ottoman fortress only. OSM way339878120 guides the perimeter; photographs guide reduced masonry character. Interior terrace, elevations and small openings remain estimated.

Srebrenik Fortress

Source-informed 60×30m cliff fortress with a 13m terrace rise. Wall heights, interior arrangement, limestone forms and timber bridge details are estimates; this is not a survey model.

Šturlić Fortress

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Tešanj Fortress

Source-informed 120×80m two-level fortress. Museum descriptions guide tower forms and defensive phases; individual placements, cliff shape, stair routes, windows and roof dimensions remain estimates.

Todorovo Fortress

Surviving-fabric interpretation. Broken keep and roofless mosque; vanished western defences are low discontinuous traces. Heights, aperture shapes and mosque position are estimates, not a survey.

Toričan Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study; preserved heights, small openings and local alignment are estimates, not a current survey.

Travnik Fortress

Original photo-guided interpretation using mapped exterior outlines. Undocumented heights, interiors, finishes and openings are estimated.

Photograph and license: Dans / Wikimedia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · cropped · License

Trebinje Walled Old Town

Mapped urban footprint study of surviving walls and buildings; estimated heights and facade details, no lost moat or fictional medieval keep.

Tržac Fortress

Original conservative source-informed architecture. Wall heights, missing sections, detailed openings and alignment are estimates; no survey accuracy is claimed. References describe different dates; this is not a measured current-state record. Castle-specific field GPS provides the map anchor.

Velika Kladuša Castle

Original approximate study of the rounded enceinte, central round keep and later courtyard adaptation. All plan geometry and heights are estimated. The roofed interpretation is not a current-condition survey; documented fire damage and ongoing repairs may change the visible fabric.

Vidoški Fortress

Original interpretation of the large terraced fortress: lower circuit, central plateau, upper town and roofless building remains. Thirteen tower positions and two cistern mouths are illustrative; the source records ten cisterns overall. Plan, levels and individual dimensions are estimates.

Vinac Fortress

Original archaeological interpretation, not a reconstruction of an intact castle. Mapped castle grounds are not measured wall lines. Wall positions, surviving heights, openings and scattered rubble are estimates; no roofed palace interiors are claimed. The long mapped outline guides overall ridge orientation. The core/enclosure division is documented, while cistern placement and exact foundation lines are estimated.

Višegrad Watchtower

Small photograph-informed cylindrical shell; approximate diameter and preserved height. Prince Marko association is folklore, not architectural evidence.

Visoki Royal Town

Original interpretation of conserved archaeological remains. Published overall dimensions guide the small elongated footprint; exact alignments, tower footprints, exposed wall heights and foundation divisions are estimates. No lost upper castle is reconstructed.

Visuć Fortress

Original source-informed surviving-ruin study; preserved heights, small openings and local alignment are estimates, not a current survey.

Vranduk Fortress

Original source-informed interpretation, not photogrammetry. Documented tower widths and courtyard proportions guide the model. Wall alignments, elevations, roof pitches, surface stones, windows and railings are estimates; subsurface structures and exhibition interiors are omitted.

Vrnograč Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated. Preliminary fragment study: precise plan unverified.

White Fortress

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Yellow Bastion

Surviving-architecture interpretation, not a survey or reconstruction of a single historical date. Wall heights, orientation, small openings and individual masonry remain estimated.

Zvečaj Fortress

Original ruin study with an OSM-derived plan (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0). The mapped polygon is not an architectural survey. Wall continuity, tower radius, elevations, internal foundations and individual stones are estimates.

Zvornik Fortress

Original interpretation of the upper citadel only. The three-part defensive system is documented; this model's plan, vertical offsets, tower dimensions and individual masonry are approximate. The Middle and Lower Town require separate surveyed geometry.